普拉斯诗选(得一忘二译)
西薇娅·普拉斯(Sylvia Plath 1932-1963)
生于波斯顿。八岁那年其蜂学专家的德裔父亲多少出于固执而死于糖尿病综合症。这被她后来阐释为一种背弃,并进而成为她诗歌的一个重要主题。1954年她还是Smith College史密斯女子学院的三年级学生,获奖受邀编辑时尚杂志《小姐》,归来后精神崩溃,自杀未遂,然后住院一年;其经历成为日后小说《钟罩瓶》的基本题材。1956年毕业后获奖学金去英国求学,在那儿偶遇英国诗人泰德·休斯,旋即结婚。1962年她与休斯的婚姻破裂,休斯在10月将她和两个孩子留在乡下,独自去伦敦居住。在过后的两个月里,她每天凌晨四点起床,赶在黎明湛蓝的天色放光之前,赶在孩子醒来之前,写出了数十首无论诗艺还是内容都震撼着二十世纪文学史的诗篇。或许因为无法忍受孤独,她于年底也从乡下搬到伦敦,住在叶芝曾经住过的屋子里。而这一年伦敦遭遇了几十年不见的寒冬,她的屋子里没有电话、没有水,加上黎明时分最难忍受的抑郁症,终于使她在2月11日后半夜以煤气自杀。普拉斯生前出版过一本诗集《巨雕》The Colossus (1961)以及半自传性小说《钟罩瓶》The Bell Jar(1962)。死后,泰德·休斯编辑出版了她的《诗全编》(1981年),正文共收入诗歌224篇,获得普立策奖。以下所译绝大多数都是国内首译,其中有一些表现出普拉斯特有的女性视角,另一些则主要表现出普拉斯对于外部世界的关注,译者希望这些诗篇能够纠正人们对普拉斯诗歌的既成印象。(译者:得一忘二)
第112首
大奖章
去皮的橙木大门上
雕刻着星星与月亮,
门外的阳光下躺着一条古铜色的蛇;
一动不动,像一根鞋带;死了
但还没变硬,下巴
脱了臼,笑得龇牙咧嘴,
舌头是一支玫瑰红的箭。
我把他绕在手上提着;
那朱红的小眼,
随着我在阳光下将他转动,
发出犹如被玻璃罩着的火焰;
那火光就像岩石被凿开时
擦出的暗红碎屑。
灰尘使他的脊背黯淡成土黄,
就像太阳晒得鲑鱼不再新鲜。
而他腹中仍保持着火,
在鳞甲下暗涌,
陈旧的珠宝在他腹部
隔热的鳞片下如文火暗烧:
那是透过牛奶杯看到的夕阳。
而在他发黑的瘀伤处
扭动着许多别针似的白蛆,
那里的内脏已经膨胀鼓起,
似乎他正在消化一只老鼠。
像一把刀,他也足够贞节,
死亡的纯金属。园丁扔出
砖头,使他笑得完美无缺。
1959年
Medallion
By the gate with star and moon
Worked into the peeled orange wood
The bronze snake lay in the sun
Inert as a shoelace; dead
But pliable still, his jaw
Unhinged and his grin crooked,
Tongue a rose-colored arrow.
Over my hand I hung him.
His little vermilion eye
Ignited with a glassed flame
As I turned him in the light;
When I split a rock one time
The garnet bits burned like that.
Dust dulled his back to ochre
The way sun ruins a trout.
Yet his belly kept its fire
Going under the chainmail,
The old jewels smoldering there
In each opaque belly-scale:
Sunset looked at through milk glass.
And I saw white maggots coil
Thin as pins in the dark bruise
Where his innards bulged as if
He were digesting a mouse.
Knifelike, he was chaste enough,
Pure death’s-metal. The yardman’s
Flung brick perfected his laugh.
第121首
蘑菇
彻夜间,我们
苍白兮兮,小心翼翼,
悄然无息,
脚趾,鼻子
紧抓着沃土,
吸取空气。
无人看见,
无人阻止,无人告密;
泥土细微的颗粒让出空间。
我们软弱的拳头
坚强地撑开松针、
满地的落叶、
甚至路面。
我们是锤子、冲子,
没耳朵没眼睛,
无声无息到完美无缺,
撑宽了裂缝,
肩膀穿过小洞。我们
以清水果腹,
靠阴影的碎屑为生,
举止温和,几乎
毫无欲求。
我们为数甚众!
我们为数甚众!
我们是层架,我们是
平台,我们很谦恭,
我们可以食用,
推进器,钻探器
我们都身不由己。
我们的同类倍增:
及至早晨,我们将会
接管大地。
我们的脚已伸入门槛。
1959年11月13日
按:参看《圣经·马太福音》:谦恭柔顺者有福了,他们必将承受大地。和合本通译成“温柔的人有福了,因为他们必承受地土”。
Mushrooms
Overnight, very
Whitely, discreetly,
Very quietly
Our toes, our noses
Take hold on the loam,
Acquire the air.
Nobody sees us,
Stops us, betrays us;
The small grains make room.
Soft fists insist on
Heaving the needles,
The leafy bedding,
Even the paving.
Our hammers, our rams,
Earless and eyeless,
Perfectly voiceless,
Widen the crannies,
Shoulder through holes. We
Diet on water,
On crumbs of shadow,
Bland-mannered, asking
Little or nothing.
So many of us!
So many of us!
We are shelves, we are
Tables, we are meek,
We are edible,
Nudgers and shovers
In spite of ourselves.
Our kind multiplies:
We shall by morning
Inherit the earth.
Our foot’s in the door.
13 November 1959
第124首
死产
这些诗不会存活:这一诊断令人伤心。
它们的脚趾和手指倒还正常,
小脑门儿却因为太专注而膨胀。
如果它们像人一样外出散步而走失
那绝不是因为缺少母爱的关注。
哦,真不明白它们出了什么问题!
从形状到尺寸乃至每部分都很确当。
浸泡在卤液中的它们优美得很!
它们对着我笑啊,笑啊,笑了又笑。
可就是肺叶不会鼓胀、心也没有跳动。
它们不是猪,甚至还没长成鱼,
尽管猪和鱼的腥骚味它们都有——
如果它们活了,那自然最好;它们本来就该如此。
但它们毫无生气,它们的母亲牵肠挂肚、已不可终日,
而它们却傻傻地盯着她,闭口不谈她的感受。
1960年
Stillborn
These poems do not live: it’s a sad diagnosis.
They grew their toes and fingers well enough,
Their little foreheads bulged with concentration.
If they missed out on walking about like people
It wasn’t for any lack of mother-love.
O I cannot understand what happened to them!
They are proper in shape and number and every part.
They sit so nicely in the pickling fluid!
They smile and smile and smile and smile at me.
And still the lungs won’t fill and the heart won’t start.
They are not pigs, they are not even fish,
Though they have a piggy and a fishy air---
It would be better if they were alive, and that’s what they were.
But they are dead, and their mother near dead with distraction,
And they stupidly stare, and do not speak of her.
第137首
拉皮手术
解开丝巾,你带来诊所的佳音,
你向我展示紧缠着木乃伊的
纱布,微笑着说:我一切都好。
九岁时,有个麻醉师,带着青蛙面具,
给我喂香蕉水,他脸色是酸橙的青绿。令人呕心的地窖
胀满了噩梦,回荡着手术师天神般的声音。
接着,妈妈游了过来,端着一只锡盆。
啊,我恶心得想吐。
他们已将这一切改变。套着高温消毒的
病号袍,像那裸身巡幸的古埃及女王,
镇静剂令我絮絮叨叨,而且幽默得出人意料,
我滑进一个前厅,一个善良的男人
让我五指握拳。他令我觉得某种珍贵的东西
正从我的指缝中悄然溜走。刚刚数到二
黑暗已把我彻底抹消,就像擦掉黑板上的粉笔……
我什么也不知道。
整整五天我隐秘地静卧在床,
我像木桶被穿刺,岁月的积水排进了枕头。
甚至我最好的朋友也认为我在乡下。
皮没有根须,就像纸一样容易撕去。
当我咧嘴而笑,针脚便会绷紧。我倒退着成长。我才二十岁,
多愁善感,穿着长裙坐在我首任丈夫的沙发上,手指插在
死掉的狮子狗柔嫩的细毛中;
啊,我还没养过猫。
现在那个她已被搞定,我从前看到的那女人
下巴壅积着赘肉,已一道一道地沉入镜底——
旧袜子似的脸,松泡泡地瘫在补衣球上。
他们已把她封存在某个化验室的广口瓶里。
任她在那里垂死或者枯萎下去,在接下来的五十年,
任她点头或是摇头、还用手梳理稀疏的头发。
我,是我自己的母亲,从纱布襁褓中醒来,
粉嫩滑润犹如一个新生儿。
1961年2月15日
按:诗人默温James Merwin的妻子狄多Dido在1960年做过一次拉皮手术,据说这首诗便是以她为原型。当时,普拉斯认为那是狄多害怕失去默温而采取的极端措施。因此有人认为狄多在回忆普拉斯的时候才会非常刻薄,狄多的回忆可见于《苦涩的名声》附录。
Face Lift
You bring me good news from the clinic,
Whipping off your silk scarf, exhibiting the tight white
Mummy-cloths, smiling: I’m all right.
When I was nine, a lime-green anesthetist
Fed me banana gas through a frog-mask. The nauseous vault
Boomed with bad dreams and the Jovian voices of surgeons.
Then mother swam up, holding a tin basin.
O I was sick.
They’ve changed all that. Traveling
Nude as Cleopatra in my well-boiled hospital shift,
Fizzy with sedatives and unusually humorous,
I roll to an anteroom where a kind man
Fists my fingers for me. He makes me feel something precious
Is leaking from the finger-vents. At the count of two
Darkness wipes me out like chalk on a blackboard ...
I don’t know a thing.
For five days I lie in secret,
Tapped like a cask, the years draining into my pillow.
Even my best friend thinks I’m in the country.
Skin doesn’t have roots, it peels away easy as paper.
When I grin, the stitches tauten. I grow backward. I’m twenty,
Broody and in long skirts on my first husband’s sofa, my fingers
Buried in the lambswool of the dead poodle;
I hadn’t a cat yet.
Now she’s done for, the dewlapped lady
I watched settle, line by line, in my mirror---
Old sock-face, sagged on a darning egg.
They’ve trapped her in some laboratory jar.
Let her die there, or wither incessantly for the next fifty years,
Nodding and rocking and fingering her thin hair.
Mother to myself, I wake swaddled in gauze,
Pink and smooth as a baby.
15 February 1961
第139首
不孕的女人
空落落的我,最轻的脚步也会荡出回声,
一座富丽堂皇的博物馆,立柱、门廊、大厅一应俱全,就是
缺少雕像。庭院里,一眼喷泉跃起,还又跌回它自己,
尼姑的心,对世界视若无睹。大理石的百合
呼出了苍白,似乎有香气。
我想象自己有一大批观众,
生育了一座白色的胜利女神和多尊缺眼珠的阿波罗。
事实是,死者的关注令我伤心,却又毫无结果。
月亮的手总会探摸我的额头,
像护士一样表情漠然、沉默不语。
1961年 2月21日
Barren Woman
Empty, I echo to the least footfall,
Museum without statues, grand with pillars, porticoes, rotundas.
In my courtyard a fountain leaps and sinks back into itself,
Nun-hearted and blind to the world. Marble lilies
Exhale their pallor like scent.
I imagine myself with a great public,
Mother of a white Nike and several bald-eyed Apollos.
Instead, the dead injure me with attentions, and nothing can happen.
The moon lays a hand on my forehead,
Blank-faced and mum as a nurse.
21 February 1961
第200首
向那儿行进
那儿有多远?
现在还剩多远?
暗藏在车轮内的
大猩猩运动着,令我胆寒——
德国军火商克虏伯
令人恐惧的脑袋,黑色枪口
在旋转,那声音
在打卡,打出缺席!犹如炮弹。
我要跨越的是俄国,反正都是战争。
我拖着身体,
悄悄地穿过一车车稻草。
现在是行贿的时间。
车轮吃什么,这些车轮
固定于它们的弧板犹如神灵,
给意志箍上银色脖套——
冷酷无情。看它们多么骄傲!
所有的神灵都知道各自的目的地。
我是这条狭缝中的一封信——
我飞向一个名字、两只眼睛。
那儿会有火吗?那儿可有面包?
这儿有这么多泥巴。
这是一座火车站,护士们
忍受着自来水,它的面纱,庵里的面纱,
触摸着她们的伤员,
那些男人鲜血还在泵涌而出,
腿和手臂堆积在大帐篷外
罩着永无止息的凄号——
洋娃娃玩具的医院。
而这些男人,这些男人的残骸
被这些活塞泵抽着向前,这鲜血
流入前面的路程,
下一个钟点——
断箭的朝代!
那儿有多远?
我的脚上有泥巴,
浓稠,血红,滑溜溜。它是亚当的肋部,
我从这片大地升起,痛苦万状。
我无法灭了自己,火车在蒸腾向前。
蒸腾并呼吸,它的牙齿
随时都能碾轧,魔鬼之牙。
在其尽头将有一分钟时间,
一分钟,一滴露珠。
那儿有多远?
那是多么小的地方啊,
而我正朝那儿行进,为何会有这些障碍——
这个女人的躯体,
烧焦的裙子和死亡面具,
信教的人、戴花环的孩子在哀悼。
此刻则有爆炸声——
雷霆与枪炮。
战火在你我之间。
难道在半空中没有
一个一再回旋、无人触及
也不可触及的静止点。
火车拖着自己向前,发出尖叫——
一头动物
发疯地冲向目的地,
那个血污,
那张脸在那闪光之终点。
我将把伤员像虫蛹一样掩埋,
我将清点并埋葬死者。
让他们的灵魂在露水中翻腾,
在我的车辙中烧香。
车厢摇晃,它们便是摇篮。
而我,从这张皮囊中走出,
走出这些旧绷带、厌倦和陈旧的脸
从忘川的黑车厢中走出,走向你,
纯洁得像个初生儿。
1962年11月6日
Getting There
How far is it?
How far is it now?
The gigantic gorilla interior
Of the wheels move, they appall me------
The terrible brains
Of Krupp, black muzzles
Revolving, the sound
Punching out Absence! like cannon.
It is Russia I have to get across, it is some war or other.
I am dragging my body
Quietly through the straw of the boxcars.
Now is the time for bribery.
What do wheels eat, these wheels
Fixed to their arcs like gods,
The silver leash of the will------
Inexorable. And their pride!
All the gods know is destinations.
I am a letter in this slot------
I fly to a name, two eyes.
Will there be fire, will there be bread?
Here there is such mud.
It is a trainstop, the nurses
Undergoing the faucet water, its veils, veils in a nunnery,
Touching their wounded,
The men the blood still pumps forward,
Legs, arms piled outside
The tent of unending cries------
A hospital of dolls.
And the men, what is left of the men
Pumped ahead by these pistons, this blood
Into the next mile,
The next hour------
Dynasty of broken arrows!
How far is it?
There is mud on my feet,
Thick, red and slipping. It is Adam’s side,
This earth I rise from, and I in agony.
I cannot undo myself, and the train is steaming.
Steaming and breathing, its teeth
Ready to roll, like a devil’s.
There is a minute at the end of it
A minute, a dewdrop.
How far is it?
It is so small
The place I am getting to, why are there these obstacles------
The body of this woman,
Charred skirts and deathmask
Mourned by religious figures, by garlanded children.
And now detonations------
Thunder and guns.
The fire’s between us.
Is there no still place
Turning and turning in the middle air,
Untouched and untouchable.
The train is dragging itself, it is screaming------
An animal
Insane for the destination,
The bloodspot,
The face at the end of the flare.
I shall bury the wounded like pupas,
I shall count and bury the dead.
Let their souls writhe in a dew,
Incense in my track.
The carriages rock, they are cradles.
And I, stepping from this skin
Of old bandages, boredoms, old faces
Step to you from the black car of Lethe,
Pure as a baby.
6 November 1962
第203首
酞胺哌啶酮
哦,半边月亮——
半个脑袋,发光体——
黑鬼,戴着面具伪装白人,
你截下的黑色
手脚在爬行,令人胆寒——
像蜘蛛,毫无安全可言。
有什么手套
什么皮革料
才能保护我免遭
那个阴影的危害——
那些除不掉的花苞,
肩胛骨上的关节,那些
面孔
推推搡搡地生成,拖拉着
先天缺损
所脱落的鲜血胎膜。
彻夜,我做着木工活,
为赐予我的东西赶制一片空间,
为了一种爱,
这生于潮湿双眼和一阵尖叫的爱。
吐着冷漠的
白色口水!
黑果子旋转着落下。
玻璃噼啪一声裂开,
图像
消亡了,流产了,犹如水银泻地。
1962年11月8日
按:原文标题Thalidomide撒利多胺,又称“反应停”,是上世纪中叶之前普遍使用的一种镇静类催眠药,在妊娠期服用时,会引起严重的四肢畸形。
Thalidomide
O half moon---
Half-brain, luminosity---
Negro, masked like a white,
Your dark
Amputations crawl and appall---
Spidery, unsafe.
What glove
What leatheriness
Has protected
Me from that shadow---
The indelible buds,
Knuckles at shoulder-blades, the
Faces that
Shove into being, dragging
The lopped
Blood-caul of absences.
All night I carpenter
A space for the thing I am given,
A love
Of two wet eyes and a screech.
White spit
Of indifference!
The dark fruits revolve and fall.
The glass cracks across,
The image
Flees and aborts like dropped mercury.
8 November 1962
第204首
十一月的信
爱,这世界
突然更改,换了颜色。街灯
透过金莲花鼠尾似的豆荚
裂开,在早晨九点。
这是北极,
这个小小的黑色
环带,长满丝光的茶色青草——婴儿的茸毛。
空气中飘着一股绿意。
温软,写意。
为我附上衬垫,满是钟爱。
我脸颊绯红而温暖。
我想我可能甚为巨大,
幸福得这么傻乎乎。
我的皮统靴
一趟又一趟压过那美丽的红色。
这是我的宅地。
每天两次
我从上面踱过,嗅着
粗野的冬青举起黛绿色的
扇贝,纯净如铁,
以及陈尸枯骨的围墙。
我爱它们。
我像热爱历史一样爱着它们。
苹果金黄,
啊,想象——
我有七十棵树,
在灰色死亡的浓汤中,
紧握金黄红润的圆球;
数以万计的金黄
树叶,像金属,也无声无息。
哦,爱,独身者。
除我之外,没人
走进这齐腰的潮湿。
不可替代的金黄
流着血,颜色渐深,古战场火山的嘴巴。
1962年11月11日
Letter in November
Love, the world
Suddenly turns, turns color. The streetlight
Splits through the rat’s-tail
Pods of the laburnum at nine in the morning.
It is the Arctic,
This little black
Circle, with its tawn silk grasses---babies’ hair.
There is a green in the air,
Soft, delectable.
It cushions me lovingly.
I am flushed and warm.
I think I may be enormous,
I am so stupidly happy,
My wellingtons
Squelching and squelching through the beautiful red.
This is my property.
Two times a day
I pace it, sniffing
The barbarous holly with its viridian
Scallops, pure iron,
And the wall of old corpses.
I love them.
I love them like history.
The apples are golden,
Imagine it------
My seventy trees
Holding their gold-ruddy balls
In a thick gray death-soup,
Their million
Gold leaves metal and breathless.
O love, O celibate.
Nobody but me
Walks the waist-high wet.
The irreplaceable
Golds bleed and deepen, the mouths of Thermopylae.
11 November 1962
第206首
岁月
它们登场,犹如动物来自冬青树外的
太空,那儿篱笆长满上尖刺,
并不是我会吸食的瑜珈信徒般的思绪,
而只是绿色与黑色,它们纯粹到
自我凝结,凝结到纯粹。
哦,上帝,我可不像你,
在你空旷的黑暗中,
到处粘着星星,愚蠢的彩光纸屑。
我厌倦永生,
从来不曾希求。
我热爱的是
运动中的活塞——
我的灵魂死在它面前。
万马的奔蹄,
毫无悲悯地翻腾。
而你,恢宏的壅滞——
那里面到底是何物如此宏伟!
是否是今年的一朵虎纹花,在门前的怒吼?
是否是一位基督,
他身上那可怖的
似神的成分,
宁死也要飞翔,并为此玉石俱焚?
血的浆果守持自身,凝然不动。
马蹄不会知晓,
寥远的幽蓝中,活塞嘶嘶低鸣。
1962年11月16日
Years
They enter as animals from the outer
Space of holly where spikes
Are not the thoughts I turn on, like a Yogi,
But greenness, darkness so pure
They freeze and are.
O God, I am not like you
In your vacuous black,
Stars stuck all over, bright stupid confetti.
Eternity bores me,
I never wanted it.
What I love is
The piston in motion------
My soul dies before it.
And the hooves of the horses,
Their merciless churn.
And you, great Stasis------
What is so great in that!
Is it a tiger this year, this roar at the door?
Is it a Christus,
The awful
God-bit in him
Dying to fly and be done with it?
The blood berries are themselves, they are very still.
The hooves will not have it,
In blue distance the pistons hiss.
16 November 1962
第208首
玛丽之歌
礼拜日羔羊的脂肪噼啪炸裂。
那脂肪
献祭着它的浑浊……
一扇窗子,神圣的黄金。
炼火令它珍贵,
同样的火
融化了涂了油脂的异教徒,
驱逐着犹太人。
他们厚实的棺材罩
漂浮在波兰的疤痕上方,在烧毁的
德国上方。
他们不会死去。
灰色的鸟缠着我的心,
嘴是尘土,尘土的眼睛。
他们已安居。那耸立的悬崖
绝壁将一个人
挖空后送入太空,在这儿,
焚尸炉像天堂一样发光,烁烁如炽。
这是一颗心,
这是一场大屠杀,而我走进去了,
这金色小孩将被这世界宰杀以满足口腹之欲。
1962年11月19日
Mary’s Song
The Sunday lamb cracks in its fat.
The fat
Sacrifices its opacity....
A window, holy gold.
The fire makes it precious,
The same fire
Melting the tallow heretics,
Ousting the Jews.
Their thick palls float
Over the cicatrix of Poland, burnt-out
Germany.
They do not die.
Gray birds obsess my heart,
Mouth-ash, ash of eye.
They settle. On the high
Precipice
That emptied one man into space
The ovens glowed like heavens, incandescent.
It is a heart,
This holocaust I walk in,
O golden child the world will kill and eat.
19 November 1962
第210首
巴西利亚
他们会生存吗?
这些钢铁躯干的人们,
带翅的胳膊,而眼窝
还在等待一团团
云朵为它们填满神情,
这些超级的人啊!——
而我的孩子是一根钉子,
一根被锤子敲进去的钉子。
他从润滑油里发出尖叫,
骨头在探听种种距离。
而我,几乎灭绝了,
他的三颗牙齿插入
我的大拇指——
星星,
古老的传说。
在小巷中我见到绵羊和马车,
红色泥土,母亲似的血液。
哦,你们尽可以
像光线一样吃人,留下
这一面镜子,
让它稳妥无恙,因为
鸽子的灭绝而不能得救超生,
荣耀啊,
这力量,这荣耀。
1962年12月1日
Brasilia
Will they occur,
These people with torsos of steel
Winged elbows and eyeholes
Awaiting masses
Of cloud to give them expression,
These super-people!---
And my baby a nail
Driven, driven in.
He shrieks in his grease
Bones nosing for distances.
And I, nearly extinct,
His three teeth cutting
Themselves on my thumb---
And the star,
The old story.
In the lane I meet sheep and wagons,
Red earth, motherly blood.
O You who eat
People like light rays, leave
This one
Mirror safe, unredeemed
By the dove’s annihilation,
The glory
The power, the glory.
1 December 1962